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Blog/Health· 6 min read· 2026-02-23

Disability Insurance: Short-Term vs Long-Term

If you depend on a paycheck, a disabling illness or injury is one of the largest financial risks you face. Disability insurance replaces a portion of your income when you cannot work. Short-term and long-term policies cover different time horizons and serve different purposes.

How short-term disability works

Short-term disability typically replaces 60 to 70 percent of your income for three to six months after a brief waiting period. It is most useful for predictable events such as recovery from surgery or maternity leave. Many employers offer it as a low-cost group benefit.

How long-term disability works

Long-term disability begins after the short-term policy ends and can pay benefits for years — sometimes until retirement age. Benefits typically replace 50 to 70 percent of income. The most important provision to read is the definition of disability: own-occupation policies pay if you cannot perform your specific job, while any-occupation policies require that you cannot perform any reasonable work.

Which one matters most

Long-term disability is the policy that protects you against catastrophic income loss. Short-term disability is convenient but rarely financially decisive. If you have to choose one, choose long-term.

Key takeaways

  • Disability insurance replaces income when you cannot work.
  • Short-term covers months; long-term can cover decades.
  • Read the definition of disability — own-occupation is more protective.
  • Long-term coverage is the more critical of the two.

This article is for general educational purposes and is not legal, financial, or insurance advice. Consult a licensed professional for decisions specific to your situation.

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